A complication of rhino-sinusitis may be defined as any adverse progression of chronic or acute bacterial infection beyond the paranasal sinuses, or compromise in function of any part of the body due to local or distant effects of the condition.
WHAT IS SINUSITIS?
Rhinosinusitis: any inflammation of the nose and sinus mucosa. Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS): rhinosinusitis lasting 4 weeks or less.
Recurrent ARS: four or more annual episodes of rhinosinusitis, without persistent symptoms in bw. Chronic RS: rhinosinusitis lasting longer than 12 weeks.
ETIOLOGIES OF ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS
Viral (most common): rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and coronavirus, Bacterial (acute bacterial sinusitis): S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staph. aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes & Fulminant fungal: Aspergillus, Mucor, and Rhizopus
HALLMARK SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS
Purulent rhinorrhoea
Nasal obstruction
Facial pain and/or pressure
Complications of Sinusitis
Local •Mucocele/Mucopyocele • Mucous retention cyst • Osteomyelitis • Frontal bone (more common) • Maxilla Orbital •Pre-septal inflammatory oedema of lids •Subperiosteal abscess • Orbital cellulitis • Orbital abscess • Superior orbital fissure syndrome • Orbital apex syndrome Intracranial •Meningitis • Extradural abscess • Subdural abscess • Brain abscess • Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Descending infections, Focal infections
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