Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

Question: Define noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). Briefly describe the aetiopathogenesis of NIHL. Discuss in brief “hearing conservation program”. What are the effects of noise on the human body? What steps should be taken to protect workers employed in high noise areas? Dec 2014 June 2014, June 2012, Dec 2016.

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)^​1–3​

Noise is a common occupational hazard that leads to one of the most common complaints in the adult population seen by the otolaryngologist—noise induced hearing loss (NIHL).  

Every day, we experience sound in our environment, such as the sounds from television and radio, household appliances, and traffic. Normally, these sounds are at safe levels that don’t damage our hearing. But sounds can be harmful when they are too loud, even for a brief time, or when they are both loud and long-lasting. These sounds can damage sensitive structures in the inner ear and cause noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).

NIHL can be immediate or it can take a long time to be noticeable. It can be temporary or permanent, and it can affect one ear or both ears. Even if you can’t tell that you are damaging your hearing, you could have trouble hearing in the future, such as not being able to understand other people when they talk, especially on the phone or in a noisy room. Regardless of how it might affect you, one thing is certain: noise-induced hearing loss is something you can prevent.

Exposure to harmful noise can happen at any age. People of all ages, including children, teens, young adults, and older people, can develop NIHL.

There are four P’s to NIHL,

• PAINLESS
• PROGRESSIVE
• PERMANENT
• PREVENTABLE

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