Non-Genetic Hearing Loss – Theory Question
May 30, 2021
Estimated reading time: 3 min
In this question
- 1. INFECTIONS​1​
- 2. Congenital CMV Infection​2​
- 3. Congenital Toxoplasmosis
- 4. Congenital Syphilis
- 5. Rubella​5​
- 6. Attention -
- 7. Measles and Mumps
- 8. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
- 9. Bacterial Meningitis
- 10. TOXIC DRUGS AND CHEMICALS - Hearing loss
- 11. Aminoglycosides
- 12. Loop diuretics
- 13. Retinoids
- 14. Antimalarials
- 15. Cisplatin
- 16. HYPOXIA AND ANOXIA
- 17. HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
- 18. RECURRENT OTITIS MEDIA AND MASTOID DISEASE
- 19. NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE
- 20. EAR OR TEMPORAL BONE TRAUMA
- 21. PERILYMPHATIC FISTULA
- 22. NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
INFECTIONS​1​
Congenital CMV Infection​2​
- CMV affects ~1% of live newborns
- Only 10% exhibit signs of CMV inclusion disease:
- Mental retardation
- Severe to profound hearing loss
- Ocular problems (eg. chorioretinitis with optic atrophy)
- Other: language or learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, jaundice, microcephaly, growth retardation
- 15% who are asymptomatic at birth most commonly develop progressive bilateral SNHL
- Onset after 1st year of life
- Essentially all infants with symptomatic congenital CMV are products of pregnancies involving primary maternal infection
- Investigations to determine prenatally infected newborns are difficult because perinatally infected infants commence excreting virus as early as 3 to 12 weeks
Congenital Toxoplasmosis
- Cats are primary reservoirs
- Hearing Loss occurs in ~25% of untreated cases
- Diagnosis by detecting specific antibodies in serum, plasma, SSF and intraocular fluid
- Intensive therapeutic intervention with primarily infected expectant mothers and postnatal treatment of congenitally infected infants minimizes fetal damage and may prevent the emergence of sensory deficits.
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