SENSITIVITY VS SPECIFICITY

Screening tests are those tests done among apparently well people to identify those at an increased risk of a disease or disorder. Those patients who are identified by a screening test are then offered a subsequent diagnostic test or procedure, or in some instances, a treatment or preventative medication.

A reliable screening test can improve health, but inappropriate screening harms healthy individuals and squanders resources

Validity of a test means to what extent a screening test accurately measures what it is intended to measure. It is the ability of a test to correctly differentiate those who have the disease from those who don’t. Sensitivity, specificity and the predictive accuracy are the inherent properties of a screening test. These terms are best explained by expressing the data is terms of a 2 x 2 table2.

Screening test result by diagnosis

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