ENT
- Jan- 2020 -19 January
Cogan’s syndrome – DNB OSCE / VIVA/ DNB ent Theory
Dr. David Cogan.Cogan’s syndrome (CS) is defined as nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis (an inflammation of the eye) and bilateral audiovestibular deficits (hearing problems and dizziness). It was first described in Morgan and Baumgartner in 1934, and Cogan reported 5 more cases in 1945. Dr. David Cogan was a prolific writer and his…
Read More » - 19 January
Pharyngeal DiverticulUm – Dnb Theory/ osce/ VIVA
Definition: Pharyngeal pouches are mainly acquired and rarely congenital diverticula in and around the pharynx and oesophagus. These diverticula are nothing but circumscribed pouches caused by a protrusion of mucosa through a preexisting weakness / opening in the muscle layers of pharynx / oesophagus.These pharyngo oesophageal diverticula may be single of…
Read More » - 19 January
External rhinoplasty – DNB Theory Long Question/ VIVA/ OSCE
External rhinoplasty – DNB Theory Long QuestionSpecific indications for the external approach in rhinoplasty include:Congenital deformities such as the cleft nose;Extensive revision surgery;Severe nasal trauma;Elaborate reduction & augmentation procedures;Marked tip deformities;The need for extra tip rotation;The correction of extreme overprojection;Situation where assessment of the exact pathology is difficult.It has been…
Read More » - 19 January
Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery in ENT
Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery in ENT 1Definition: This procedure involves fixing a rigid stereotactic frame to the patient’s head, which acts as a reference, defining the volume it encloses in a set of X, Y, and Z co ordinates. This is combined with radiological images can be used to target tumors…
Read More » - 18 January
Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) – Viva station
Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)• IGRT refers to the incorporation of three-dimensional imaging prior to radiation delivery.• Prior to each treatment, an imaging study is performed to confirm alignment of the target volume.• This consists of either orthogonal diagnostic quality x-rays or a limited volume CT scan.• IGR improves the likelihood…
Read More » - 18 January
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) – viva station
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)1• IMR is a significant advance over 3D-CR and is now used standardly or treatment of most head and neck tumors.• IMR uses many beams or arcs and requires the use of computer-based planning to create sophisticated radiation plans in which small leaves move in and…
Read More » - 18 January
What is Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT)
What is Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT)• Refers to CT -based radiation planning.• The tumor and critical avoidance structures, such as the brain stem or parotid glands, are contoured on axial C images.• Radiation therapy is planned, usually with 2 to 6 beams, with the goals of treating the tumor…
Read More » - 18 January
Thyroid signs – Ent osce viva question skill station
Sign Description Abadie’s sign Elevator muscle of upper eyelid is spastic. Ballett’s sign Paralysis of one or more EOM Beck’s sign Abnormal intense pulsation of retina’s arteries Boston’s sign Jerky movements of upper lid on lower gaze Coweh’s sign Extensive hippus of consensual pupillary reflex Dalrymple’s sign Upper eyelid retraction…
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