General Surgery Topics
DNB ENT Theory Questions from General Surgery Topics
- Apr- 2020 -14 April
Day Care ENT Surgery
DefinitionDay care ent surgical patient is one who has a planned admission, operation and discharge on the same day. Anaesthesia is modified to allow rapid recovery and to minimise post-operative pain, nausea, and vomiting. Pre-admission planning and protocol driven, nurse-led discharge allow a day unit to run efficiently.Day care ent…
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Surgical Diathermy or Electrocautery
Surgical diathermy or Electrocautery uses direct current whereas electrosurgery uses alternating current. Radiofrequency Generator:Generates high-frequency currents (100 K-Hz to 4 MHz) which induces ionic vibration but no movement.Ionic vibration generates intracellular heat but no muscle/nerve depolarization.Power settings are in Watts (amps x volts).Intracellular heat can cause:boiling + explosion (CUT), and/ordehydration…
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Blood Components
Whole banked bloodUpto 450 mL/donor.Increase Hb by 1g/dl and hematocrit by 3 % per 1 bag whole blood.Benefit is that it is metabolically more active and it is coagulation factor rich.Disadvantage is that volume overload can occur.Fresh whole bloodWhen transfused within 24 hours, it has shown improved outcomes in trauma…
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Coagulation Pathway
The coagulation pathway is a cascade of events that leads to hemostasis. The intricate pathway allows for rapid healing and prevention of spontaneous bleeding. Two paths, intrinsic and extrinsic, originate separately but converge at a specific point, leading to fibrin activation. The purpose is to ultimately stabilize the platelet plug…
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation or DIC
It is also known as consumptive coagulopathy or consumptive thrombohemorrhagic disorder. It occurs because of uncontrolled activation of coagulation cascade at system wide level which leads to increased coagulation which leads to widespread thrombosis, resultant fibrinolysis which leads to depletion of clotting factor levels and thrombocytopenia withthe final clinical result…
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Nutritional assessment of Surgical patient
Nutritional assessment of a surgical patient after surgery, trauma or sepsis can be divided into these phases – Catabolic Phase:Adrenergic-corticoid phase:– raised glucagon, GC and catecholamines with decreased insulin.-rates of GNG, acute phase protein production, and immune cell activity are all still altered during the catabolic phase.-administration of glucose produces…
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