KB Articles
KB Articles
- Apr- 2020 -15 April
Surgical and Clinical audit
April 2016 DNB ENT Theory Question – a) What is clinical audit? b) What is the use of clinical audit in ENT? Definition Clinical audit is a way to find out if healthcare is being provided in line with standards and lets care providers and patients know where their service is…
Read More » - 14 April
Day Care ENT Surgery
Definition Day care ent surgical patient is one who has a planned admission, operation and discharge on the same day. Anaesthesia is modified to allow rapid recovery and to minimise post-operative pain, nausea, and vomiting. Pre-admission planning and protocol driven, nurse-led discharge allow a day unit to run efficiently. Day…
Read More » - 14 April
Surgical Diathermy or Electrocautery
Surgical diathermy or Electrocautery uses direct current whereas electrosurgery uses alternating current. Radiofrequency Generator: Generates high-frequency currents (100 K-Hz to 4 MHz) which induces ionic vibration but no movement.Ionic vibration generates intracellular heat but no muscle/nerve depolarization.Power settings are in Watts (amps x volts). Intracellular heat can cause: boiling +…
Read More » - 14 April
Blood Components
Whole banked blood Upto 450 mL/donor.Increase Hb by 1g/dl and hematocrit by 3 % per 1 bag whole blood.Benefit is that it is metabolically more active and it is coagulation factor rich.Disadvantage is that volume overload can occur. Fresh whole blood When transfused within 24 hours, it has shown improved…
Read More » - 14 April
Coagulation Pathway
The coagulation pathway is a cascade of events that leads to hemostasis. The intricate pathway allows for rapid healing and prevention of spontaneous bleeding. Two paths, intrinsic and extrinsic, originate separately but converge at a specific point, leading to fibrin activation. The purpose is to ultimately stabilize the platelet plug…
Read More » - 14 April
Disseminated intravascular coagulation or DIC
It is also known as consumptive coagulopathy or consumptive thrombohemorrhagic disorder. It occurs because of uncontrolled activation of coagulation cascade at system wide level which leads to increased coagulation which leads to widespread thrombosis, resultant fibrinolysis which leads to depletion of clotting factor levels and thrombocytopenia withthe final clinical result…
Read More » - 14 April
Enteral Nutrition
Enteral administration is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral nutrition refers to the delivery of calories and nutrients into a vein. Fundamental goals of nutritional support are- Meet the energy requirements for metabolic purposesTissue repairMaintenance of core temperatureMinimize the protein breakdown and preserve the lean body…
Read More » - 14 April
Nutritional assessment of Surgical patient
Nutritional assessment of a surgical patient after surgery, trauma or sepsis can be divided into these phases – Catabolic Phase: Adrenergic-corticoid phase:– raised glucagon, GC and catecholamines with decreased insulin.-rates of GNG, acute phase protein production, and immune cell activity are all still altered during the catabolic phase.-administration of glucose…
Read More » - 12 April
Fluid Balance In Surgery
FLUID BALANCE – Total body water—60% of total body weight in males and 50% of total body weight in females (as females have more subcutaneous fat), most water is in skeletal muscles. Total TBW – -40% is intracellular.-15% is interstitial, includes 2% transcellular (water in CSF and joint spaces).-5% intravascular…
Read More » - 11 April
Inverted papilloma -case Report
Inverted papilloma is a benign, epithelial neoplasm originating from the Schneiderian membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses
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